4 $B=>Mh$NO@J8$H$NHf3S(B

$B=>Mh$NO@J8$G$O(B, $B$=$b$=$b5$2t$K4^$^[email protected],$O>/$J$$$H2>Dj$7(B, $B5$2t$K$O4%[email protected],$7$+4^$^$l$J$$$,(B, $B<~0O$NBg5$$K$O4%[email protected],[email protected],$,(B $BB8:_$9$k$h$&$J7O$r9M$($F$-$?(B. $BK\@a$G$O=>Mh$NO@J8$K=>$C$F(B,

• $BBg5$$O4%[email protected],[email protected],$N(B 2 mail protected],$+$i@.$k$b$N$H$9$k(B.
• $BBg5$Cf$K4^$^[email protected],$O>/$J$$(B
• $BBg5$$NJ,;RNL$OK0OBBg5$$N$=$l$G$O$J$/(B, $B<>EY(B $r$ $B$N;~$NCM$H$9$k(B. $M = (1 - rX^{sat}) M_{d} + rX^{sat} M_{v}$.
• $BBg5$$N29EY8:N((B $dT(z)/dz$ $B$r(B, $BK0OBBg5$$G$N<>=aCGG.29EY8:N($H$9$k(B.
• $B5$2t$NJ,;RNL$r4%[email protected],$NJ,;RNL$H$9$k(B. $M = M_{d}$.
• $B5$2t$N29EY8:N((B $dT^{*}(z)/dz$ $B$r4%Ag5$2t$NCGG.29EY8:N($H$9$k(B. $dT^{*}/dz = - M_{d} g/ {c_{p}}_{d}$.

$B$H2>Dj$7$?>l9g$K$D$$$F@EE*0BDjEY$NDj<02=$r9T$$(B, $B=>Mh$NO@J8Cf$N<0$NF3=P$r(B $B9T$&(B.

$B5$2t$HBg5$$NJ,;RNL$,0[$J$k$?$a(B, $M = M^{*}$ $B$r2>Dj$7$F$$$J$$(B (7) $B<0$+$i9M;!$r;O$a$kI,MW$,$"$k(B. $M^{*} = M_{d}$ $B$r(B (7) $B<0$KBeF~$9$k$H(B,

$$N^{2} = \frac{g}{T} \left( \DD{T}{z} + \frac{M g}{{c_{p}}_{d}} \right) - g \left( \Dinv{M} \DD{M}{z} \right).$$ (55)

$B$H$J$k(B. $B$3$N<0$r(B (10) $B<0$HHf3S$9$k$H(B, $B5$2t$NJ,;RNL$NItJ,$@$10[$J$C$F$$$k(B. $B$5$i$KBg5$$NJ,;RNL(B $M = (1 - rX^{sat}) M_{d} + rX^{sat} M_{v}$ $B$rBeF~$9$k$H(B,

$$N^{2} = \frac{g}{T} \left( \DD{T}{z} + \frac{M g}{{c_{p}}_{d}} \right) - g \left( \frac{r (M_{v} - M_{d})}{M} \DD{X^{sat}}{z} \right)$$ (56)

$B$H$J$k(B. $B$^$?(B, (55) $B<0$r2>29EY(B $T_{v} = M_{d} T/ M$ $B$rMQ$$$FI=8=$9$k$H(B,

$$N^{2} = \frac{g}{T_{v}} \left( \DD{T_{v}}{z} + \frac{M_{d} g}{{c_{p}}_{d}} \right)$$ (57)

$B$H$J$k(B.