�域；�≪��

Surface flux

Note that Japanese and English are described in parallel.

�域；�≪��鴻��荐�膊�.

Surface fluxes are calculated.

References

Louis, J-F., M. Tiedtke, and J-F. Geleyn, A short history of the PBL parameterization at ECMWF, Workshop on Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization, 59-80, ECMWF, Reading, U.K., 1982.

Beljaars, A. C. M., and A. A. M. Holtslag, Flux parameterization over land surfaces for atmospheric models,

Appl. Meteor., 30, 327-341, 1991.

Beljaars, A. C. M., The parameterization of surface fluxes in large-scale models under free convection,

J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 121, 255-270, 1994.

Procedures List

SurfaceFlux :	�域；�≪��鴻��膊�
SurfaceFluxOutput :	�域；�≪��鴻��阪��
———— :	————
SurfaceFlux :	Calculate surface fluxes
SurfaceFluxOutput :	Output surface fluxes

NAMELIST

NAMELIST#surface_flux_bulk_nml

Methods

BH91CalcPsi BulkCoef BulkCoefBH91B94 BulkCoefL82 ConstBulkCoef FlagConstBulkCoef FlagFixFricTimeConstAtLB FlagFixHeatFluxAtLB FlagFixMassFluxAtLB FlagIncludeB94W FlagUseOfBulkCoefInNeutralCond FricTimeConstAtLB HeatFluxAtLB IDBulkCoefMethodBH91B94 IDBulkCoefMethodL82 LowLatFricAtLB MassFluxAtLB QVapBulkCoefMax QVapBulkCoefMin SurfaceFlux SurfaceFluxInit SurfaceFluxOutput TempBulkCoefMax TempBulkCoefMin VelBulkCoefMax VelBulkCoefMin VelMaxForQVap VelMaxForTemp VelMaxForVel VelMinForQVap VelMinForRi VelMinForTemp VelMinForVel module_name surface_flux_bulk_inited version

Included Modules

gridset composition dc_types dc_message gtool_historyauto constants0 constants saturate axesset timeset dc_trace namelist_util dc_iounit dc_string

Public Instance methods

SurfaceFlux( BulkCoefMethod, xyz_U, xyz_V, xyz_Temp, xyr_Temp, xyz_VirTemp, xyr_VirTemp, xy_SurfVirTemp, xyzf_QMix, xyr_Press, xy_SurfHeight, xyz_Height, xyz_Exner, xyr_Exner, xy_SurfTemp, xy_SurfHumidCoef, xy_SurfRoughLengthMom, xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat, xy_SnowFrac, xy_MomFluxX, xy_MomFluxY, xy_HeatFlux, xyf_QMixFlux, xy_SurfVelTransCoef, xy_SurfTempTransCoef, xy_SurfQVapTransCoef, xy_SurfMOLength )

Subroutine :

BulkCoefMethod :

character(*), intent(in)

:	Method for calculating bulk coefficient

xyz_U(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ u $ . �沿タ蘂��. Eastward wind

xyz_V(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ v $ . ��蘂��. Northward wind

xyz_Temp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ T $ . 羝�墾 (�贋�違��). Temperature (full level)

xyr_Temp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ T $ . 羝�墾 (��贋�違��). Temperature (half level)

xyz_VirTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ T_v $ . 篁�県綺� (�贋�違��). Virtual temperature (full level)

xyr_VirTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ T_v $ . 篁�県綺� (��贋�違��). Virtual temperature (half level)

xy_SurfVirTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ T_v $ . 篁�県綺� (��茵��). Virtual temperature (surface)

xyzf_QMix(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax, 1:ncmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ q $ . 罸�羚�. Specific humidity

xyr_Press(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ p_s $ . �域；�∽�� (��贋�違��). Surface pressure (half level)

xy_SurfHeight(0:imax-1,1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ z_s $ . �域；�∫�綺�. Surface height.

xyz_Height(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	蕭�綺� (�贋�違��). Height (full level)

xyz_Exner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Exner �∽�� (�贋�違��). Exner function (full level)

xyr_Exner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Exner �∽�� (��贋�違��). Exner function (half level)

xy_SurfTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�域；�∽県綺�. Surface temperature

xy_SurfHumidCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�域；羚炊修綺�. Surface humidity coefficient

xy_SurfRoughLengthMom(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�域；膕�綺��. Surface rough length for momentum

xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�域；膕�綺��. Surface rough length for heat

xy_SnowFrac(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Snow fraction

xy_MomFluxX(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	��茵��∽�沿タ�劫��. Eastward momentum flux at surface

xy_MomFluxY(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	��茵��√��劫��. Northward momentum flux at surface

xy_HeatFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	��茵��∝�宴��. Heat flux at surface

xyf_QMixFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:ncmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	��茵��∽�羚帥��. Specific humidity flux at surface

xy_SurfVelTransCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	莠檎��篆��逸��. Diffusion coefficient: velocity

xy_SurfTempTransCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	莠檎��篆��逸�羝�墾. Transfer coefficient: temperature

xy_SurfQVapTransCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	莠檎��篆��逸�羂頑�御� Transfer coefficient: water vapor

xy_SurfMOLength(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) : real(DP), intent(out)

羝�墾, 罸�羚�, 羂��с��, �上��鴻��荐�膊��障��.

Calculate radiation flux from temperature, specific humidity, and air pressure.

[Source]

  subroutine SurfaceFlux( BulkCoefMethod, xyz_U, xyz_V, xyz_Temp, xyr_Temp, xyz_VirTemp, xyr_VirTemp, xy_SurfVirTemp, xyzf_QMix, xyr_Press, xy_SurfHeight, xyz_Height, xyz_Exner, xyr_Exner, xy_SurfTemp, xy_SurfHumidCoef, xy_SurfRoughLengthMom, xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat, xy_SnowFrac, xy_MomFluxX, xy_MomFluxY, xy_HeatFlux, xyf_QMixFlux, xy_SurfVelTransCoef, xy_SurfTempTransCoef, xy_SurfQVapTransCoef, xy_SurfMOLength )
    !
    ! 羝�墾, 罸�羚�, 羂��с����, �上����������鴻��荐�膊����障��. 
    !
    ! Calculate radiation flux from temperature, specific humidity, and 
    ! air pressure. 
    !

    ! �≪�吾�ャ�若����� ; USE statements
    !

    ! ���鴻�������若�水�阪��
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoPut

    ! �����紙�医⑥絎��域┃絎�
    ! Physical and mathematical constants settings
    !
    use constants0, only: PI
                              ! $ \pi $ .
                              ! �����.  Circular constant

    ! ����絎��域┃絎�
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: GasRDry, CpDry
                              ! $ C_p $ [J kg-1 K-1]. 
                              ! 箙丞�ュぇ羂�����ф���. 
                              ! Specific heat of air at constant pressure

    ! 蕋遵��罸�羚帥�����
    ! Evaluate saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: xy_CalcQVapSatOnLiq, xy_CalcQVapSatOnSol

    ! 綺ф����若�粋┃絎�
    ! Axes data settings
    !
    use axesset, only: y_Lat                 ! $ \varphi $ [rad.] . 膩�墾. Latitude

    ! ���紫���
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: TimeN, TimesetClockStart, TimesetClockStop

    ! �������亥�����若���ｃ������
    ! Utilities for debug
    !
    use dc_trace, only: DbgMessage, BeginSub, EndSub

    ! 絎ｈ��� ; Declaration statements
    !
    implicit none

    character(*), intent(in):: BulkCoefMethod
                              !
                              ! Method for calculating bulk coefficient
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_U (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ u $ . �沿タ蘂���. Eastward wind
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_V (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ v $ . ����蘂���. Northward wind

    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_Temp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ T $ . 羝�墾 (�贋�違������). 
                              ! Temperature (full level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_Temp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! $ T $ . 羝�墾 (���贋�違������). 
                              ! Temperature (half level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_VirTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ T_v $ . 篁�県綺� (�贋�違������). 
                              ! Virtual temperature (full level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_VirTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! $ T_v $ . 篁�県綺� (���贋�違������). 
                              ! Virtual temperature (half level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfVirTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! $ T_v $ . 篁�県綺� (����茵���). 
                              ! Virtual temperature (surface)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyzf_QMix(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax, 1:ncmax)
                              ! $ q $ .     罸�羚�. Specific humidity
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_Press (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! $ p_s $ . �域；�∽��� (���贋�違������). 
                              ! Surface pressure (half level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfHeight(0:imax-1,1:jmax)
                              ! $ z_s $ . �域；�∫�綺�. 
                              ! Surface height. 
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_Height (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 蕭�綺� (�贋�違������). 
                              ! Height (full level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_Exner (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Exner �∽�� (�贋�違������). 
                              ! Exner function (full level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_Exner (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! Exner �∽�� (���贋�違������). 
                              ! Exner function (half level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；�∽県綺�. 
                              ! Surface temperature
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfHumidCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；羚炊修綺�. 
                              ! Surface humidity coefficient
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfRoughLengthMom (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；膕�綺���. 
                              ! Surface rough length for momentum
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；膕�綺���. 
                              ! Surface rough length for heat
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SnowFrac(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 
                              ! Snow fraction
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_MomFluxX (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ����茵��∽�沿タ�劫�����������������. 
                              ! Eastward momentum flux at surface
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_MomFluxY (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ����茵��√�����劫�����������������. 
                              ! Northward momentum flux at surface
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_HeatFlux (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ����茵��∝�宴����������. 
                              ! Heat flux at surface
    real(DP), intent(out):: xyf_QMixFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:ncmax)
                              ! ����茵��∽�羚帥����������. 
                              ! Specific humidity flux at surface
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfVelTransCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 莠檎��篆��逸�������. 
                              ! Diffusion coefficient: velocity
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfTempTransCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 莠檎��篆��逸�羝�墾. 
                              ! Transfer coefficient: temperature
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfQVapTransCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 莠檎��篆��逸�羂頑�御�
                              ! Transfer coefficient: water vapor
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfMOLength(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    ! 篏�罐㊤���
    ! Work variables
    !
    real(DP):: xy_SurfTempBulkCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ��������逸�羝�墾. 
                              ! Bulk coefficient: temperature
    real(DP):: xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ��������逸�罸�羚�. 
                              ! Bulk coefficient: specific humidity
    real(DP):: xy_SurfVelBulkCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ��������逸�������. 
                              ! Bulk coefficient: temperature
    real(DP):: xy_SurfVelAbs (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 蘂���腟九���. 
                              ! Absolute velocity
    real(DP):: xy_SurfQVapSatOnLiq (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；蕋遵��罸�羚�. 
                              ! Saturated specific humidity on surface
    real(DP):: xy_SurfQVapSatOnSol (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；蕋遵��罸�羚�. 
                              ! Saturated specific humidity on surface
    real(DP):: xy_SurfQVapSat (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；蕋遵��罸�羚�. 
                              ! Saturated specific humidity on surface

    real(DP):: xy_MomFluxXSurf (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；�≪���沿タ�劫�����������������. 
                              ! Eastward momentum flux on surface
    real(DP):: xy_MomFluxYSurf (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；�≪�������劫�����������������. 
                              ! Northward momentum flux on surface
    real(DP):: xy_HeatFluxSurf (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；�≪���宴����������. 
                              ! Heat flux on surface
    real(DP):: xyf_QMixFluxSurf(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:ncmax)
                              ! �域；�≪��蟹�����������. 
                              ! Mass flux of constituents on surface

    real(DP):: xy_BetaW   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 
                              ! "vertical velocity" (B94)

    integer            :: IDBulkCoefMethod

    integer:: i               ! 腟�綺��劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in longitude
    integer:: j               ! 膩�墾�劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in latitude
    integer:: n               ! 腟����劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in dimension of constituents

    ! 絎�茵��� ; Executable statement
    !

    ! ������腆肴�
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. surface_flux_bulk_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    ! 荐�膊�����荐�羝���紮�
    ! Start measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStart( module_name )


    ! Check method for calculating bulk coefficient
    !
    if ( BulkCoefMethod == 'L82' ) then
      IDBulkCoefMethod = IDBulkCoefMethodL82
    else if ( BulkCoefMethod == 'BH91B94' ) then
      IDBulkCoefMethod = IDBulkCoefMethodBH91B94
    else
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'BulkCoefMethod of %c is inappropriate.', c1 = trim( BulkCoefMethod ) )
    end if


    ! ��������亥���
    ! Calculate bulk coefficients
    !
    call BulkCoef( IDBulkCoefMethod, xy_SurfRoughLengthMom , xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat, xy_SurfHeight, xyz_Height, xyz_U(:,:,1), xyz_V(:,:,1), xy_SurfVirTemp, xyz_VirTemp(:,:,1), xyr_Exner(:,:,0), xyz_Exner(:,:,1), xy_SurfVelBulkCoef, xy_SurfTempBulkCoef, xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef, xy_BetaW, xy_SurfMOLength )


    ! 
    ! Calculation of wind speed
    !
    xy_SurfVelAbs = sqrt ( xyz_U(:,:,1)**2 + xyz_V(:,:,1)**2 + xy_BetaW**2 )
!!$    xy_SurfVelAbs = sqrt ( xyz_U(:,:,1)**2 + xyz_V(:,:,1)**2 )


    ! 莠檎��篆��違���膊�
    ! Calculate transfer coefficient
    !
    if ( .not. FlagFixFricTimeConstAtLB ) then
      do i = 0, imax-1
        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          xy_SurfVelTransCoef(i,j) = &
!!$            &   xy_SurfVelBulkCoef(i,j) &
!!$            &   * xyr_Press(i,j,0) / ( GasRDry * xyr_Temp(i,j,0) ) &
!!$            &   * min( max( xy_SurfVelAbs(i,j), VelMinForVel ), VelMaxForVel )
          xy_SurfVelTransCoef(i,j) = xy_SurfVelBulkCoef(i,j) * xyr_Press(i,j,0) / ( GasRDry * xyr_VirTemp(i,j,0) ) * min( max( xy_SurfVelAbs(i,j), VelMinForVel ), VelMaxForVel )
        end do
      end do
    else
      do j = 1, jmax
        if ( abs( y_Lat(j) ) >= LowLatFricAtLB * PI / 180.0_DP ) then
          xy_SurfVelTransCoef(:,j) = 1.0_DP / FricTimeConstAtLB
        else
          xy_SurfVelTransCoef(:,j) = 0.0_DP
        end if
      end do
    end if

    if ( .not. FlagFixHeatFluxAtLB ) then
      do i = 0, imax-1
        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          xy_SurfTempTransCoef(i,j) = &
!!$            &   xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(i,j) &
!!$            &   * xyr_Press(i,j,0) / ( GasRDry * xyr_Temp(i,j,0) ) &
!!$            &   * min( max( xy_SurfVelAbs(i,j), VelMinForTemp ), VelMaxForTemp )
          xy_SurfTempTransCoef(i,j) = xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(i,j) * xyr_Press(i,j,0) / ( GasRDry * xyr_VirTemp(i,j,0) ) * min( max( xy_SurfVelAbs(i,j), VelMinForTemp ), VelMaxForTemp )
        end do
      end do
    else
      ! Set meaningless value.
      xy_SurfTempTransCoef = 0.0_DP
    end if

    if ( .not. FlagFixMassFluxAtLB ) then
      do i = 0, imax-1
        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          xy_SurfQVapTransCoef(i,j) =                                            &
!!$            &   xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef(i,j)                                         &
!!$            &   * xyr_Press(i,j,0) / ( GasRDry * xyr_Temp(i,j,0) )               &
!!$            &   * min( max( xy_SurfVelAbs(i,j), VelMinForQVap ), VelMaxForQVap )
          xy_SurfQVapTransCoef(i,j) = xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef(i,j) * xyr_Press(i,j,0) / ( GasRDry * xyr_VirTemp(i,j,0) ) * min( max( xy_SurfVelAbs(i,j), VelMinForQVap ), VelMaxForQVap )
        end do
      end do
    else
      ! Set meaningless value.
      xy_SurfQVapTransCoef = 0.0_DP
    end if

    ! 蕋遵��罸�羚帥���膊�
    ! Calculate saturated specific humidity
    !
!!$    xy_SurfQVapSat = xy_CalcQVapSat( xy_SurfTemp, xyr_Press(:,:,0) )
    xy_SurfQVapSatOnLiq = xy_CalcQVapSatOnLiq( xy_SurfTemp, xyr_Press(:,:,0) )
    xy_SurfQVapSatOnSol = xy_CalcQVapSatOnSol( xy_SurfTemp, xyr_Press(:,:,0) )
    xy_SurfQVapSat = ( 1.0_DP - xy_SnowFrac ) * xy_SurfQVapSatOnLiq + xy_SnowFrac              * xy_SurfQVapSatOnSol


    ! �域；�≪���������鴻���膊�
    ! Calculate fluxes on flux
    !
    !   Momentum
    !
    xy_MomFluxXSurf = - xy_SurfVelTransCoef * xyz_U(:,:,1)
    xy_MomFluxYSurf = - xy_SurfVelTransCoef * xyz_V(:,:,1)

    !   Heat
    !
    if ( .not. FlagFixHeatFluxAtLB ) then
      xy_HeatFluxSurf = - CpDry * xyr_Exner(:,:,0) * xy_SurfTempTransCoef * (   xyz_Temp(:,:,1) / xyz_Exner(:,:,1) - xy_SurfTemp     / xyr_Exner(:,:,0) )
    else
      xy_HeatFluxSurf = HeatFluxAtLB
    end if

    !   Mass
    !
    if ( .not. FlagFixMassFluxAtLB ) then
      xyf_QMixFluxSurf(:,:,IndexH2OVap) = - xy_SurfHumidCoef * xy_SurfQVapTransCoef(:,:) * ( xyzf_QMix(:,:,1,IndexH2OVap) - xy_SurfQVapSat )
    else
      xyf_QMixFluxSurf(:,:,IndexH2OVap) = MassFluxAtLB
    end if
    !
    xyf_QMixFluxSurf(:,:,1:IndexH2OVap-1)     = 0.0_DP
    xyf_QMixFluxSurf(:,:,IndexH2OVap+1:ncmax) = 0.0_DP

    ! Surface flux of constituents except for water vapor is zero.
!!$    write( 6, * ) "MEMO: Surface flux of constituents except for water vapor is zero. (YOT, 2009/08/14)"


    ! ���������鴻���膊�
    ! Calculate fluxes
    !
    xy_MomFluxX = xy_MomFluxXSurf
    xy_MomFluxY = xy_MomFluxYSurf
    xy_HeatFlux = xy_HeatFluxSurf
    do n = 1, ncmax
      xyf_QMixFlux(:,:,n) = xyf_QMixFluxSurf(:,:,n)
    end do

    ! ���鴻�������若�水�阪��
    ! History data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'BulkCoefMom' , xy_SurfVelBulkCoef   )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'BulkCoefHeat', xy_SurfTempBulkCoef  )

    ! 荐�膊�����荐�羝������罩�
    ! Pause measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStop( module_name )

  end subroutine SurfaceFlux

SurfaceFluxInit( )

Subroutine :

surface_flux_bulk �≪�吾�ャ�若��茵��障��. NAMELIST#surface_flux_bulk_nml ��粋昭�帥��膓��ц��障��.

"surface_flux_bulk" module is initialized. "NAMELIST#surface_flux_bulk_nml" is loaded in this procedure.

This procedure input/output NAMELIST#surface_flux_bulk_nml .

[Source]

  subroutine SurfaceFluxInit
    !
    ! surface_flux_bulk �≪�吾�ャ�若������������茵����障��. 
    ! NAMELIST#surface_flux_bulk_nml ����粋昭�帥��������膓����ц�����障��. 
    !
    ! "surface_flux_bulk" module is initialized. 
    ! "NAMELIST#surface_flux_bulk_nml" is loaded in this procedure. 
    !

    ! �≪�吾�ャ�若����� ; USE statements
    !

    ! NAMELIST ���＜�ゃ���ュ�����≪�������若���ｃ������
    ! Utilities for NAMELIST file input
    !
    use namelist_util, only: namelist_filename, NmlutilMsg, NmlutilAryValid

    ! ���＜�ゃ���ュ�阪��茖���
    ! File I/O support
    !
    use dc_iounit, only: FileOpen

    ! 腮��ュ�������＜��
    ! Kind type parameter
    !
    use dc_types, only: STDOUT ! 罔�羣��阪�����臀����. Unit number of standard output

    ! ��絖�����篏�
    ! Character handling
    !
    use dc_string, only: StoA

    ! ���鴻�������若�水�阪��
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoAddVariable

    ! 綺ф����若�粋┃絎�
    ! Axes data settings
    !
    use axesset, only: AxnameX, AxnameY, AxnameZ, AxnameR, AxnameT

    ! 蕋遵��罸�羚帥�����
    ! Evaluate saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: SaturateInit


    ! 絎ｈ��� ; Declaration statements
    !
    implicit none

    integer:: unit_nml        ! NAMELIST ���＜�ゃ�����若���括���臀����. 
                              ! Unit number for NAMELIST file open
    integer:: iostat_nml      ! NAMELIST 茯㏍�粋昭�炊���� IOSTAT. 
                              ! IOSTAT of NAMELIST read

    ! NAMELIST 紊��亥召
    ! NAMELIST group name
    !
    namelist /surface_flux_bulk_nml/ FlagConstBulkCoef, FlagUseOfBulkCoefInNeutralCond, ConstBulkCoef, FlagIncludeB94W, VelMinForRi, VelMinForVel, VelMinForTemp, VelMinForQVap, VelMaxForVel, VelMaxForTemp, VelMaxForQVap, VelBulkCoefMin, TempBulkCoefMin, QVapBulkCoefMin, VelBulkCoefMax, TempBulkCoefMax, QVapBulkCoefMax, FlagFixFricTimeConstAtLB, FricTimeConstAtLB, LowLatFricAtLB, FlagFixHeatFluxAtLB,      HeatFluxAtLB, FlagFixMassFluxAtLB,      MassFluxAtLB
          !
          ! �����������ゃ���ゃ��������������膓� "surface_flux_bulk#SurfaceFluxInit" 
          ! ���純�若�鴻�潟�若�������с������. 
          !
          ! Refer to source codes in the initialization procedure
          ! "surface_flux_bulk#SurfaceFluxInit" for the default values. 
          !

    ! 絎�茵��� ; Executable statement
    !

    if ( surface_flux_bulk_inited ) return


    ! �����������ゃ��┃絎�
    ! Default values settings
    !
    FlagConstBulkCoef              = .false.
    FlagUseOfBulkCoefInNeutralCond = .false.
    ConstBulkCoef                  =  0.0_DP
!!$    FlagIncludeB94W                = .false.
    FlagIncludeB94W                = .true.

    VelMinForRi   = 0.01_DP
    VelMinForVel  = 0.01_DP
    VelMinForTemp = 0.01_DP
    VelMinForQVap = 0.01_DP
    VelMaxForVel  = 1000.0_DP
    VelMaxForTemp = 1000.0_DP
    VelMaxForQVap = 1000.0_DP

    VelBulkCoefMin  =  0.0_DP
    TempBulkCoefMin =  0.0_DP
    QVapBulkCoefMin =  0.0_DP
    VelBulkCoefMax  =  1.0_DP
    TempBulkCoefMax =  1.0_DP
    QVapBulkCoefMax =  1.0_DP

    FlagFixFricTimeConstAtLB = .false.
    FricTimeConstAtLB        = 1.0e100_DP
    LowLatFricAtLB           = 1.0e100_DP
    FlagFixHeatFluxAtLB      = .false.
    HeatFluxAtLB             = 1.0e100_DP
    FlagFixMassFluxAtLB      = .false.
    MassFluxAtLB             = 1.0e100_DP

    ! NAMELIST ����粋昭��
    ! NAMELIST is input
    !
    if ( trim(namelist_filename) /= '' ) then
      call FileOpen( unit_nml, namelist_filename, mode = 'r' ) ! (in)

      rewind( unit_nml )
      read( unit_nml, nml = surface_flux_bulk_nml, iostat = iostat_nml )        ! (out)
      close( unit_nml )

      call NmlutilMsg( iostat_nml, module_name ) ! (in)
    end if

    ! ���鴻�������若�水�阪�����������吾����亥�脂��
    ! Register of variables for history data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'BulkCoefMom', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'bulk coefficient for momentum', '1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'BulkCoefHeat', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'bulk coefficient for heat', '1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'SfcBulkRi', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'bulk Richardson number at the surface', '1' )

    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'TauX', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'surface stress(x)  ', 'N m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'TauY', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'surface stress(y)  ', 'N m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'Sens', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'sensible heat flux', 'W m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'SurfH2OVapFlux', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'surface H2O vapor flux  ', 'kg m-2 s-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'Evap', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'latent heat flux  ', 'W m-2' )

    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'TauXB', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'surface stress(x)  ', 'N m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'TauYB', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'surface stress(y)  ', 'N m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'SensB', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'sensible heat flux', 'W m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'SurfH2OVapFluxB', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'surface H2O vapor flux  ', 'kg m-2 s-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'EvapB', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'latent heat flux  ', 'W m-2' )

    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'TauXA', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'surface stress(x)  ', 'N m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'TauYA', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'surface stress(y)  ', 'N m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'SensA', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'sensible heat flux', 'W m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'SurfH2OVapFluxA', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'surface H2O vapor flux  ', 'kg m-2 s-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'EvapA', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'latent heat flux  ', 'W m-2' )

    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'SurfH2OVapFluxU', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'surface H2O vapor flux  ', 'kg m-2 s-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'EvapU', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'latent heat flux  ', 'W m-2' )

    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'MOLength', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'Monin-Obukhov length', 'm' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'MOLengthInv', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'Monin-Obukhov length inverse', 'm-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'BetaW', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'beta w_*', 'm s-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'BLHeight', (/ AxNameX, AxNameY, AxNameT /), 'boundary layer height', 'm' )


    ! Initialization of modules used in this module
    !
    ! 蕋遵��罸�羚帥�����
    ! Evaluate saturation specific humidity
    !
    call SaturateInit


    ! �医� ; Print
    !
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '----- Initialization Messages -----' )

    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  VelMinForRi       = %f', d = (/ VelMinForRi   /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  VelMinForVel      = %f', d = (/ VelMinForVel  /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  VelMinForTemp     = %f', d = (/ VelMinForTemp /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  VelMinForQVap     = %f', d = (/ VelMinForQVap /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  VelMaxForVel      = %f', d = (/ VelMaxForVel  /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  VelMaxForTemp     = %f', d = (/ VelMaxForTemp /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  VelMaxForQVap     = %f', d = (/ VelMaxForQVap /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'Bulk coefficients:' )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  FlagConstBulkCoef              = %b', l = (/ FlagConstBulkCoef /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  FlagUseOfBulkCoefInNeutralCond = %b', l = (/ FlagUseOfBulkCoefInNeutralCond /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  ConstBulkCoef   = %f', d = (/ ConstBulkCoef   /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  VelBulkCoefMin  = %f', d = (/ VelBulkCoefMin  /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  TempBulkCoefMin = %f', d = (/ TempBulkCoefMin /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  QVapBulkCoefMin = %f', d = (/ QVapBulkCoefMin /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  VelBulkCoefMax  = %f', d = (/ VelBulkCoefMax  /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  TempBulkCoefMax = %f', d = (/ TempBulkCoefMax /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  QVapBulkCoefMax = %f', d = (/ QVapBulkCoefMax /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'FlagIncludeB94W          = %b', l = (/ FlagIncludeB94W /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'FlagFixFricTimeConstAtLB = %b', l = (/ FlagFixFricTimeConstAtLB /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'FricTimeConstAtLB        = %f', d = (/ FricTimeConstAtLB /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'LowLatFricAtLB           = %f', d = (/ LowLatFricAtLB /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'FlagFixHeatFluxAtLB      = %b', l = (/ FlagFixHeatFluxAtLB /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'HeatFluxAtLB             = %f', d = (/ HeatFluxAtLB /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'FlagFixMassFluxAtLB      = %b', l = (/ FlagFixMassFluxAtLB /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'MassFluxAtLB             = %f', d = (/ MassFluxAtLB /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '-- version = %c', c1 = trim(version) )

    surface_flux_bulk_inited = .true.

  end subroutine SurfaceFluxInit

SurfaceFluxOutput( xy_SnowFrac, xyr_MomFluxX, xyr_MomFluxY, xyr_HeatFlux, xyrf_QMixFlux, xy_SurfH2OVapFluxA, xy_SurfLatentHeatFluxA, xyz_DUDt, xyz_DVDt, xyz_DTempDt, xyzf_DQMixDt, xy_SurfTemp, xy_DSurfTempDt, xyr_Press, xyz_Exner, xyr_Exner, xy_SurfHumidCoef, xy_SurfVelTransCoef, xy_SurfTempTransCoef, xy_SurfQVapTransCoef )

Subroutine :

xy_SnowFrac(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Snow fraction

xyr_MomFluxX(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�沿タ�劫��. Eastward momentum flux

xyr_MomFluxY(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	��劫��. Northward momentum flux

xyr_HeatFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�宴��. Heat flux

xyrf_QMixFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax, 1:ncmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	罸�羚帥��. Specific humidity flux

xy_SurfH2OVapFluxA(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	��茵��∽梓�御��. Water vapor flux at the surface

xy_SurfLatentHeatFluxA(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	��茵��∽��宴��. Latent heat flux at the surface

xyz_DUDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ DP{u}{t} $ . �沿タ蘂��紊��. Eastward wind tendency

xyz_DVDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ DP{v}{t} $ . ��蘂��紊��. Northward wind tendency

xyz_DTempDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ DP{T}{t} $ . 羝�墾��紊��. Temperature tendency

xyzf_DQMixDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax, 1:ncmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ DP{q}{t} $ . 罸�羚炊��紊��. Specific humidity tendency

xy_SurfTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�域；�∽県綺�. Surface temperature

xy_DSurfTempDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�域；�∽県綺��紊��. Surface temperature tendency

xyr_Press(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ hat{p} $ . 羂�� (��贋�違��). Air pressure (half level)

xyz_Exner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Exner �∽�� (�贋�違��). Exner function (full level)

xyr_Exner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Exner �∽�� (��贋�違��). Exner function (half level)

xy_SurfHumidCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�域；羚炊修綺�. Surface humidity coefficient

xy_SurfVelTransCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	莠檎��篆��逸��. Diffusion coefficient: velocity

xy_SurfTempTransCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	莠檎��篆��逸�羝�墾. Transfer coefficient: temperature

xy_SurfQVapTransCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	莠檎��篆��逸�羂頑�御� Transfer coefficient: water vapor

�� (xyr_MomFluxX, xyr_MomFluxY, xyr_HeatFlux, xyrf_QMixFlux). ��ゃ��, ��違��罩ｃ��, �阪��茵��.

Fluxes (xyr_MomFluxX, xyr_MomFluxY, xyr_HeatFlux, xyrf_QMixFlux) are corrected by using other arguments, and the corrected values are output.

[Source]

  subroutine SurfaceFluxOutput( xy_SnowFrac, xyr_MomFluxX, xyr_MomFluxY, xyr_HeatFlux, xyrf_QMixFlux, xy_SurfH2OVapFluxA, xy_SurfLatentHeatFluxA, xyz_DUDt, xyz_DVDt, xyz_DTempDt, xyzf_DQMixDt, xy_SurfTemp, xy_DSurfTempDt, xyr_Press, xyz_Exner, xyr_Exner, xy_SurfHumidCoef, xy_SurfVelTransCoef, xy_SurfTempTransCoef, xy_SurfQVapTransCoef )
    !
    ! ���������� (xyr_MomFluxX, xyr_MomFluxY, xyr_HeatFlux, xyrf_QMixFlux). 
    ! ���ゃ����, ���������違���������罩ｃ��, �阪����茵���. 
    !
    ! Fluxes (xyr_MomFluxX, xyr_MomFluxY, xyr_HeatFlux, xyrf_QMixFlux) are
    ! corrected by using other arguments, and the corrected values are output.
    !

    ! �≪�吾�ャ�若����� ; USE statements
    !

    ! ����絎��域┃絎�
    ! Physical constant settings
    !
    use constants, only: Grav, GasRDry, CpDry, LatentHeat
                              ! $ L $ [J kg-1] . 
                              ! ��腟������. 
                              ! Latent heat of condensation

    ! 蕋遵��罸�羚帥�����
    ! Evaluation of saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: xy_CalcQVapSatOnLiq, xy_CalcQVapSatOnSol, xy_CalcDQVapSatDTempOnLiq, xy_CalcDQVapSatDTempOnSol

    ! ���紫���
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: DelTime, TimeN, TimesetClockStart, TimesetClockStop

    ! ���鴻�������若�水�阪��
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoPut

    ! 絎ｈ��� ; Declaration statements
    !
    implicit none
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SnowFrac(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 
                              ! Snow fraction
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_MomFluxX (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! �沿タ�劫�����������������. 
                              ! Eastward momentum flux
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_MomFluxY (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! �����劫�����������������. 
                              ! Northward momentum flux
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_HeatFlux (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! �宴����������. 
                              ! Heat flux
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyrf_QMixFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax, 1:ncmax)
                              ! 罸�羚帥����������. 
                              ! Specific humidity flux
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfH2OVapFluxA    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ����茵��∽梓�御�����������.
                              ! Water vapor flux at the surface
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfLatentHeatFluxA(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ����茵��∽��宴����������.
                              ! Latent heat flux at the surface
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_DUDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ \DP{u}{t} $ . �沿タ蘂�������紊�����. 
                              ! Eastward wind tendency
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_DVDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ \DP{v}{t} $ . ����蘂�������紊�����. 
                              ! Northward wind tendency
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_DTempDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ \DP{T}{t} $ . 羝�墾����紊�����. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyzf_DQMixDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax, 1:ncmax)
                              ! $ \DP{q}{t} $ . 罸�羚炊����紊�����. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；�∽県綺�. 
                              ! Surface temperature
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_DSurfTempDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；�∽県綺�����紊�����. 
                              ! Surface temperature tendency
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_Press (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! $ \hat{p} $ . 羂��� (���贋�違������). 
                              ! Air pressure (half level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_Exner (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Exner �∽�� (�贋�違������). 
                              ! Exner function (full level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_Exner (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! Exner �∽�� (���贋�違������). 
                              ! Exner function (half level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfHumidCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；羚炊修綺�. 
                              ! Surface humidity coefficient
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfVelTransCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 莠檎��篆��逸�������. 
                              ! Diffusion coefficient: velocity
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfTempTransCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 莠檎��篆��逸�羝�墾. 
                              ! Transfer coefficient: temperature
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfQVapTransCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 莠檎��篆��逸�羂頑�御�
                              ! Transfer coefficient: water vapor

    ! �阪�����������罐㊤���
    ! Work variables for output
    !
    real(DP):: xyr_MomFluxXCor (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! �沿タ�劫�����������������. 
                              ! Eastward momentum flux
    real(DP):: xyr_MomFluxYCor (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! �����劫�����������������. 
                              ! Northward momentum flux
    real(DP):: xyr_HeatFluxCor (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! �宴����������. 
                              ! Heat flux
    real(DP):: xyrf_QMixFluxCor(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax, 1:ncmax)
                              ! 罸�羚帥����������. 
                              ! Specific humidity flux
    real(DP):: xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! 茵��∽��宴����������.
                              ! Latent heat flux
    real(DP):: xy_SurfQVapSatOnLiq (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；蕋遵��罸�羚�. 
                              ! Saturated specific humidity on surface
    real(DP):: xy_SurfQVapSatOnSol (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；蕋遵��罸�羚�. 
                              ! Saturated specific humidity on surface
    real(DP):: xy_SurfQVapSat (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；蕋遵��罸�羚�. 
                              ! Saturated specific humidity on surface
    real(DP):: xy_SurfDQVapSatDTempOnLiq (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；蕋遵��罸�羚水���. 
                              ! Saturated specific humidity tendency on surface
    real(DP):: xy_SurfDQVapSatDTempOnSol (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；蕋遵��罸�羚水���. 
                              ! Saturated specific humidity tendency on surface
    real(DP):: xy_SurfDQVapSatDTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；蕋遵��罸�羚水���. 
                              ! Saturated specific humidity tendency on surface

    ! 篏�罐㊤���
    ! Work variables
    !
    integer:: i               ! 腟�綺��劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in longitude
    integer:: j               ! 膩�墾�劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in latitude
    integer:: n               ! 腟����劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in dimension of constituents


    ! 絎�茵��� ; Executable statement
    !

    ! ������腆肴�
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. surface_flux_bulk_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    ! 荐�膊�����荐�羝���紮�
    ! Start measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStart( module_name )


    ! 蕋遵��罸�羚帥���膊�
    ! Calculate saturated specific humidity
    !
    xy_SurfQVapSatOnLiq  = xy_CalcQVapSatOnLiq( xy_SurfTemp, xyr_Press(:,:,0) )
    xy_SurfQVapSatOnSol  = xy_CalcQVapSatOnSol( xy_SurfTemp, xyr_Press(:,:,0) )
    xy_SurfQVapSat       = ( 1.0_DP - xy_SnowFrac ) * xy_SurfQVapSatOnLiq + xy_SnowFrac              * xy_SurfQVapSatOnSol
    xy_SurfDQVapSatDTempOnLiq = xy_CalcDQVapSatDTempOnLiq( xy_SurfTemp, xy_SurfQVapSatOnLiq )
    xy_SurfDQVapSatDTempOnSol = xy_CalcDQVapSatDTempOnSol( xy_SurfTemp, xy_SurfQVapSatOnSol )
    xy_SurfDQVapSatDTemp = ( 1.0_DP - xy_SnowFrac ) * xy_SurfDQVapSatDTempOnLiq + xy_SnowFrac              * xy_SurfDQVapSatDTempOnSol

    ! Output of fluxes at t
    !

    ! 蘂���, 羝�墾, 罸�羚帥���������壕�罩�
    ! Correct fluxes of wind, temperature, specific humidity
    !
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyr_MomFluxXCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_MomFluxX( i,j,0 ) - xy_SurfVelTransCoef( i,j ) * xyz_DUDt( i,j,1 ) * DelTime

        xyr_MomFluxYCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_MomFluxY( i,j,0 ) - xy_SurfVelTransCoef( i,j ) * xyz_DVDt( i,j,1 ) * DelTime

        xyr_HeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_HeatFlux( i,j,0 ) - CpDry * xyr_Exner( i,j,0 ) * xy_SurfTempTransCoef( i,j ) * ( xyz_DTempDt( i,j,1 ) / xyz_Exner( i,j,1 ) - xy_DSurfTempDt( i,j ) / xyr_Exner( i,j,0 ) ) * DelTime
      end do
    end do
    n = IndexH2OVap
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyrf_QMixFluxCor( i,j,0,n ) = xyrf_QMixFlux( i,j,0,n ) - xy_SurfHumidCoef( i,j ) * xy_SurfQVapTransCoef( i,j ) * ( xyzf_DQMixDt( i,j,1,n ) - xy_SurfDQVapSatDTemp( i,j ) * xy_DSurfTempDt( i,j ) ) * DelTime
      end do
    end do
    do n = 1, IndexH2OVap-1
      xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,n) = xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,n)
    end do
    do n = IndexH2OVap+1, ncmax
      xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,n) = xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,n)
    end do
    n = IndexH2OVap
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
!!$        xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = xy_SurfLatentHeatFlux( i,j )             &
!!$          & - LatentHeat * xy_SurfHumidCoef( i,j ) * xy_SurfQVapTransCoef( i,j )  &
!!$          &   * ( xyzf_DQMixDt( i,j,1,n )                                         &
!!$          &     - xy_SurfDQVapSatDTemp( i,j ) * xy_DSurfTempDt( i,j ) ) * DelTime
        xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = LatentHeat * xyrf_QMixFluxCor( i,j,0,n )
      end do
    end do


    ! ���鴻�������若�水�阪��
    ! History data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'TauX'          , xyr_MomFluxXCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'TauY'          , xyr_MomFluxYCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'Sens'          , xyr_HeatFluxCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'SurfH2OVapFlux', xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,IndexH2OVap) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'Evap'          , xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor(:,:,0) )


    ! Output of fluxes at t - \Delta t
    !

    ! 蘂���, 羝�墾, 罸�羚帥���������壕�罩�
    ! Correct fluxes of wind, temperature, specific humidity
    !
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyr_MomFluxXCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_MomFluxX( i,j,0 )
        xyr_MomFluxYCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_MomFluxY( i,j,0 )
        xyr_HeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_HeatFlux( i,j,0 )
      end do
    end do
    n = IndexH2OVap
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyrf_QMixFluxCor( i,j,0,n ) = xyrf_QMixFlux( i,j,0,n )
      end do
    end do
    do n = 1, IndexH2OVap-1
      xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,n) = xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,n)
    end do
    do n = IndexH2OVap+1, ncmax
      xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,n) = xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,n)
    end do
    n = IndexH2OVap
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
!!$        xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = xy_SurfLatentHeatFlux( i,j )
        xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = LatentHeat * xyrf_QMixFluxCor( i,j,0,n )
      end do
    end do

    ! ���鴻�������若�水�阪��
    ! History data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'TauXB'          , xyr_MomFluxXCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'TauYB'          , xyr_MomFluxYCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'SensB'          , xyr_HeatFluxCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'SurfH2OVapFluxB', xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,IndexH2OVap) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'EvapB'          , xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor(:,:,0) )


    ! Output of fluxes at t + \Delta t
    !

    ! 蘂���, 羝�墾, 罸�羚帥���������壕�罩�
    ! Correct fluxes of wind, temperature, specific humidity
    !
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyr_MomFluxXCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_MomFluxX( i,j,0 ) - xy_SurfVelTransCoef( i,j ) * xyz_DUDt( i,j,1 ) * 2.0_DP * DelTime

        xyr_MomFluxYCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_MomFluxY( i,j,0 ) - xy_SurfVelTransCoef( i,j ) * xyz_DVDt( i,j,1 ) * 2.0_DP * DelTime

        xyr_HeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_HeatFlux( i,j,0 ) - CpDry * xyr_Exner( i,j,0 ) * xy_SurfTempTransCoef( i,j ) * ( xyz_DTempDt( i,j,1 ) / xyz_Exner( i,j,1 ) - xy_DSurfTempDt( i,j ) / xyr_Exner( i,j,0 ) ) * 2.0_DP * DelTime
      end do
    end do
    n = IndexH2OVap
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyrf_QMixFluxCor( i,j,0,n ) = xyrf_QMixFlux( i,j,0,n ) - xy_SurfHumidCoef( i,j ) * xy_SurfQVapTransCoef( i,j ) * ( xyzf_DQMixDt( i,j,1,n ) - xy_SurfDQVapSatDTemp( i,j ) * xy_DSurfTempDt( i,j ) ) * 2.0_DP * DelTime
      end do
    end do
    do n = 1, IndexH2OVap-1
      xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,n) = xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,n)
    end do
    do n = IndexH2OVap+1, ncmax
      xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,n) = xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,n)
    end do
    n = IndexH2OVap
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
!!$        xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = xy_SurfLatentHeatFlux( i,j )             &
!!$          & - LatentHeat * xy_SurfHumidCoef( i,j ) * xy_SurfQVapTransCoef( i,j )  &
!!$          &   * ( xyzf_DQMixDt( i,j,1,n )                                         &
!!$          &     - xy_SurfDQVapSatDTemp( i,j ) * xy_DSurfTempDt( i,j ) ) * 2.0d0 * DelTime
        xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = LatentHeat * xyrf_QMixFluxCor( i,j,0,n )
      end do
    end do

    ! ���鴻�������若�水�阪��
    ! History data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'TauXA'          , xyr_MomFluxXCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'TauYA'          , xyr_MomFluxYCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'SensA'          , xyr_HeatFluxCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'SurfH2OVapFluxA', xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,IndexH2OVap) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'EvapA'          , xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor(:,:,0) )


    ! ���鴻�������若�水�阪��
    ! History data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'SurfH2OVapFluxU', xy_SurfH2OVapFluxA     )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'EvapU'          , xy_SurfLatentHeatFluxA )


    ! 荐�膊�����荐�羝������罩�
    ! Pause measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStop( module_name )

  end subroutine SurfaceFluxOutput

Private Instance methods

BH91CalcPsi( Gamma, xy_ZetaM, xy_ZetaH, xy_PsiM, xy_PsiH )

Subroutine :

Gamma : real(DP), intent(in )

xy_ZetaM(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in )

:	zeta = z / L for momentum

xy_ZetaH(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in )

:	zeta = z / L for heat

xy_PsiM(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

PsiM

xy_PsiH(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

PsiH

Calculation of Psi_M and Psi_H

[Source]

  subroutine BH91CalcPsi( Gamma, xy_ZetaM, xy_ZetaH, xy_PsiM, xy_PsiH )
    !
    ! 
    !
    ! Calculation of Psi_M and Psi_H
    !

    ! �≪�吾�ャ�若����� ; USE statements
    !

    ! �����紙�医⑥絎��域┃絎�
    ! Physical and mathematical constants settings
    !
    use constants0, only: PI
                              ! $ \pi $ .
                              ! �����.  Circular constant

    ! 絎ｈ��� ; Declaration statements
    !

    real(DP), intent(in ) :: Gamma

    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xy_ZetaM(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 
                              ! zeta = z / L for momentum
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xy_ZetaH(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 
                              ! zeta = z / L for heat
    real(DP), intent(out) :: xy_PsiM(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 
                              ! PsiM
    real(DP), intent(out) :: xy_PsiH(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 
                              ! PsiH

    ! 篏�罐㊤���
    ! Work variables
    !
    real(DP) :: ZetaM
    real(DP) :: ZetaH
    real(DP) :: ParamXM
    real(DP) :: ParamXH

    real(DP), parameter :: ConstA = 1.0_DP
    real(DP), parameter :: ConstB = 0.667_DP
    real(DP), parameter :: ConstC = 5.0_DP
    real(DP), parameter :: ConstD = 0.35_DP

    integer:: i               ! 腟�綺��劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in longitude
    integer:: j               ! 膩�墾�劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in latitude

    ! 絎�茵��� ; Executable statement
    !

    ! Parameterization by Beljaars and Holtslag (1991)
    !


    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1

        ZetaM = xy_ZetaM(i,j)
        ZetaH = xy_ZetaH(i,j)

        if ( ZetaM < 0.0_DP ) then
          ! for unstable condition

          ParamXM = ( 1.0_DP - Gamma * ZetaM )**0.25_DP
          ParamXH = ( 1.0_DP - Gamma * ZetaH )**0.25_DP

          ! Eq. (25)
          xy_PsiM(i,j) = log( ( 1.0_DP + ParamXM    )**2 * ( 1.0_DP + ParamXM**2 )    / 8.0_DP ) - 2.0_DP * atan( ParamXM ) + PI / 2.0_DP
          ! Eq. (26)
          xy_PsiH(i,j) = log( ( 1.0_DP + ParamXH**2 )**2 / 4.0_DP )
        else
          ! for stable condition

          ! Eq. (28)
          xy_PsiM(i,j) = - ConstA * ZetaM - ConstB * ( ZetaM - ConstC / ConstD ) * exp( - ConstD * ZetaM ) - ConstB * ConstC / ConstD
          ! Eq. (32)
          xy_PsiH(i,j) = - ( 1.0_DP + 2.0_DP / 3.0_DP * ConstA * ZetaH )**1.5 - ConstB * ( ZetaH - ConstC / ConstD ) * exp( - ConstD * ZetaH ) - ConstB * ConstC / ConstD + 1.0_DP
        end if

      end do
    end do


  end subroutine BH91CalcPsi

BulkCoef( IDBulkCoefMethod, xy_SurfRoughLengthMom, xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat, xy_SurfHeight, xyz_Height, xy_U, xy_V, xy_SurfVirTemp, xy_VirTemp, xy_SurfExner, xy_Exner, xy_SurfVelBulkCoef, xy_SurfTempBulkCoef, xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef, xy_BetaW, xy_SurfMOLength )

Subroutine :

IDBulkCoefMethod : integer , intent(in)

xy_SurfRoughLengthMom(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�域；膕�綺�� Surface rough length for momentum

xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�域；膕�綺�� Surface rough length for heat

xy_SurfHeight(0:imax-1,1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ z_s $ . �域；�∫�綺�. Surface height.

xyz_Height(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	蕭�綺�. Height

xy_U(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Eastward wind velocity at lowest level

xy_V(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Northward wind velocity at lowest level

xy_SurfVirTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Surface virtual temperature

xy_VirTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Virtual temperature at lowest layer

xy_SurfExner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Exner function at the surface

xy_Exner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Exner function at lowest layer

xy_SurfVelBulkCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	��逸��. Bulk coefficient: temperature

xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	��逸�羝�墾. Bulk coefficient: temperature

xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	��逸�罸�羚�. Bulk coefficient: specific humidity

xy_BetaW(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	"vertical velocity" (B94)

xy_SurfMOLength(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	Monin-Obukov length

��違��膊��冴��障��.

Bulk coefficients are calculated.

[Source]

  subroutine BulkCoef( IDBulkCoefMethod, xy_SurfRoughLengthMom , xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat, xy_SurfHeight, xyz_Height, xy_U, xy_V, xy_SurfVirTemp, xy_VirTemp, xy_SurfExner, xy_Exner, xy_SurfVelBulkCoef, xy_SurfTempBulkCoef, xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef, xy_BetaW, xy_SurfMOLength )
    !
    ! ��������違��膊��冴���障��.
    !
    ! Bulk coefficients are calculated.
    !

    ! �≪�吾�ャ�若����� ; USE statements
    !

    ! ���鴻�������若�水�阪��
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoPut

    ! ���紫���
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: TimeN                 ! �鴻������ $ t $ ������. Time of step $ t $. 

    ! ����絎��域┃絎�
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: Grav, FKarm                 ! $ k $ .
                              ! �������喝���. 
                              ! Karman constant

    ! 絎ｈ��� ; Declaration statements
    !

    integer , intent(in):: IDBulkCoefMethod
                              !
                              !
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfRoughLengthMom (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；膕�綺���
                              ! Surface rough length for momentum
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；膕�綺���
                              ! Surface rough length for heat
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfHeight(0:imax-1,1:jmax)
                              ! $ z_s $ . �域；�∫�綺�. 
                              ! Surface height. 
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_Height (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 蕭�綺�. 
                              ! Height
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_U (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              ! Eastward wind velocity at lowest level
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_V (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              ! Northward wind velocity at lowest level
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfVirTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              ! Surface virtual temperature
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfExner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              ! Exner function at the surface
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_VirTemp     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              ! Virtual temperature at lowest layer
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_Exner    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              ! Exner function at lowest layer
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfVelBulkCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ��������逸�������. 
                              ! Bulk coefficient: temperature
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfTempBulkCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ��������逸�羝�墾. 
                              ! Bulk coefficient: temperature
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ��������逸�罸�羚�. 
                              ! Bulk coefficient: specific humidity
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_BetaW   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 
                              ! "vertical velocity" (B94)
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfMOLength(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              ! Monin-Obukov length

    ! 篏�罐㊤���
    ! Work variables
    !
    real(DP):: xy_SurfBulkRiNum (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ������ $ R_i $ ��. 
                              ! Bulk $ R_i $ number
    real(DP):: xy_SurfVelAbs (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 蘂���腟九���. 
                              ! Absolute velocity
    real(DP) :: xy_SurfBulkCoefMomInNeutCond    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_SurfBulkCoefHeatInNeutCond   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    integer:: i               ! 腟�綺��劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in longitude
    integer:: j               ! 膩�墾�劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in latitude

    ! 絎�茵��� ; Executable statement
    !

    if ( FlagConstBulkCoef ) then

      ! Use of constant bulk coefficient
      !

      xy_SurfVelBulkCoef  = ConstBulkCoef
      xy_SurfTempBulkCoef = ConstBulkCoef
      xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef = ConstBulkCoef

      xy_BetaW = 0.0_DP

      xy_SurfBulkRiNum = 0.0_DP

    else

      select case ( IDBulkCoefMethod )
      case ( IDBulkCoefMethodL82 )

        ! Parameterization by Louis et al. (1982)
        !

        ! 筝㊦���������違���膊�
        ! Calculate bulk coefficient in neutral condition
        !
        xy_SurfBulkCoefMomInNeutCond  = ( FKarm / log (   ( xyz_Height(:,:,1) - xy_SurfHeight + xy_SurfRoughLengthMom ) / xy_SurfRoughLengthMom  ) )**2
        xy_SurfBulkCoefHeatInNeutCond  = ( FKarm / log (   ( xyz_Height(:,:,1) - xy_SurfHeight + xy_SurfRoughLengthMom ) / xy_SurfRoughLengthMom  ) ) * ( FKarm / log (   ( xyz_Height(:,:,1) - xy_SurfHeight + xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat ) / xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat ) )

        if ( FlagUseOfBulkCoefInNeutralCond ) then

          ! 筝㊦��＞散�с����������違��┃絎�
          ! Set bulk coefficient in neutral condition
          !

          xy_SurfVelBulkCoef  = xy_SurfBulkCoefMomInNeutCond
          xy_SurfTempBulkCoef = xy_SurfBulkCoefHeatInNeutCond

          xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef = xy_SurfTempBulkCoef

          xy_SurfBulkRiNum = 0.0_DP

        else

          ! ������ $ R_i $ �亥���
          ! Calculate bulk $ R_i $
          !
          xy_SurfVelAbs = sqrt ( xy_U**2 + xy_V**2 )
          xy_SurfBulkRiNum = Grav / ( xy_SurfVirTemp / xy_SurfExner ) * (   xy_VirTemp     / xy_Exner - xy_SurfVirTemp / xy_SurfExner ) / max( xy_SurfVelAbs, VelMinForRi )**2 * ( xyz_Height(:,:,1) - xy_SurfHeight )

          ! ��筝㊦��＞散�с����������違���膊�
          ! Calculate bulk coefficients in non-neutral condition
          !

          call BulkCoefL82( xy_SurfBulkRiNum, xy_SurfRoughLengthMom , xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat, xy_SurfHeight, xyz_Height, xy_SurfBulkCoefMomInNeutCond, xy_SurfBulkCoefHeatInNeutCond, xy_SurfVelBulkCoef, xy_SurfTempBulkCoef, xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef, xy_SurfMOLength )

        end if

        xy_BetaW = 0.0_DP

      case ( IDBulkCoefMethodBH91B94 )

        ! Parameterization by Beljaars and Holtslag (1991), Beljaars (1994)
        !

        call BulkCoefBH91B94( xy_SurfRoughLengthMom , xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat, xy_SurfHeight, xyz_Height, xy_U, xy_V, xy_SurfVirTemp, xy_VirTemp, xy_SurfExner, xy_Exner, xy_SurfVelBulkCoef, xy_SurfTempBulkCoef, xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef, xy_BetaW, xy_SurfBulkRiNum, xy_SurfMOLength )

      end select

    end if


    ! ��紊�/��絨� �ゅ�
    ! Measure maximum/minimum
    !
    do i = 0, imax-1
      do j = 1, jmax

        xy_SurfVelBulkCoef(i,j)  = max( min( xy_SurfVelBulkCoef(i,j), VelBulkCoefMax ), VelBulkCoefMin )

        xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(i,j) = max( min( xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(i,j), TempBulkCoefMax ), TempBulkCoefMin )

        xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef(i,j) = max( min( xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef(i,j), QVapBulkCoefMax ), QVapBulkCoefMin )

      end do
    end do

    ! ���鴻�������若�水�阪��
    ! History data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'SfcBulkRi', xy_SurfBulkRiNum )


  end subroutine BulkCoef

BulkCoefBH91B94( xy_SurfRoughLengthMom, xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat, xy_SurfHeight, xyz_Height, xy_U, xy_V, xy_SurfVirTemp, xy_VirTemp, xy_SurfExner, xy_Exner, xy_SurfVelBulkCoef, xy_SurfTempBulkCoef, xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef, xy_BetaW, xy_SurfBulkRiNum, xy_SurfMOLength )

Subroutine :

xy_SurfRoughLengthMom(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�域；膕�綺�� Surface rough length for momentum

xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�域；膕�綺�� Surface rough length for heat

xy_SurfHeight(0:imax-1,1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ z_s $ . �域；�∫�綺�. Surface height.

xyz_Height(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	蕭�綺�. Height

xy_U(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Eastward wind velocity at lowest level

xy_V(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Northward wind velocity at lowest level

xy_SurfVirTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Surface virtual temperature

xy_VirTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Virtual temperature at lowest layer

xy_SurfExner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Exner function at the surface

xy_Exner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	Exner function at lowest layer

xy_SurfVelBulkCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	��逸��. Bulk coefficient: temperature

xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	��逸�羝�墾. Bulk coefficient: temperature

xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	��逸�罸�羚�. Bulk coefficient: specific humidity

xy_BetaW(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	"vertical velocity" (B94)

xy_SurfBulkRiNum(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	�� $ R_i $ ��. Bulk $ R_i $ number

xy_SurfMOLength(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) : real(DP), intent(out)

��違��膊��冴��障��.

Bulk coefficients are calculated.

[Source]

  subroutine BulkCoefBH91B94( xy_SurfRoughLengthMom , xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat, xy_SurfHeight, xyz_Height, xy_U, xy_V, xy_SurfVirTemp, xy_VirTemp, xy_SurfExner, xy_Exner, xy_SurfVelBulkCoef, xy_SurfTempBulkCoef, xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef, xy_BetaW, xy_SurfBulkRiNum, xy_SurfMOLength )
    !
    ! ��������違��膊��冴���障��.
    !
    ! Bulk coefficients are calculated.
    !

    ! �≪�吾�ャ�若����� ; USE statements
    !

    ! ���鴻�������若�水�阪��
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoPut

!!$    ! MPI �∫�ｃ���若����
!!$    ! MPI related routines
!!$    !
!!$    use mpi_wrapper, only : MPIWrapperChkTrue

    ! ���紫���
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: TimeN                 ! �鴻������ $ t $ ������. Time of step $ t $. 

    ! ����絎��域┃絎�
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: Grav, FKarm                 ! $ k $ .
                              ! �������喝���. 
                              ! Karman constant

    ! 絎ｈ��� ; Declaration statements
    !

    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfRoughLengthMom (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；膕�綺���
                              ! Surface rough length for momentum
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；膕�綺���
                              ! Surface rough length for heat
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfHeight(0:imax-1,1:jmax)
                              ! $ z_s $ . �域；�∫�綺�. 
                              ! Surface height. 
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_Height (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 蕭�綺�. 
                              ! Height
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_U (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              ! Eastward wind velocity at lowest level
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_V (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              ! Northward wind velocity at lowest level
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfVirTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              ! Surface virtual temperature
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfExner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              ! Exner function at the surface
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_VirTemp     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              ! Virtual temperature at lowest layer
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_Exner    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              ! Exner function at lowest layer

    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfVelBulkCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ��������逸�������. 
                              ! Bulk coefficient: temperature
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfTempBulkCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ��������逸�羝�墾. 
                              ! Bulk coefficient: temperature
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ��������逸�罸�羚�. 
                              ! Bulk coefficient: specific humidity
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_BetaW   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 
                              ! "vertical velocity" (B94)
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfBulkRiNum (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ������ $ R_i $ ��. 
                              ! Bulk $ R_i $ number
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfMOLength(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    ! 篏�罐㊤���
    ! Work variables
    !
    real(DP):: xy_SurfVelAbs (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 蘂���腟九���. 
                              ! Absolute velocity
    real(DP) :: xy_MOLength    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_MOLengthSave(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_ZetaM(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_ZetaH(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_PsiM1(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_PsiH1(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_PsiM0(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_PsiH0(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_FricVelByU1(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: SurfBulkRiNum
    logical  :: FlagConverge
    logical  :: xy_FlagConverge(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    logical :: a_FlagReCalcLocal (1)
    logical :: a_FlagReCalcGlobal(1)
    integer             :: iLoop
    integer , parameter :: nLoop = 100
    real(DP)            :: MOLengthErr
    real(DP), parameter :: MOLengthErrCriterion = 1.0d-5

    real(DP), parameter :: Gamma = 16.0_DP
    real(DP), parameter :: Beta  = 1.2_DP

    real(DP) :: SurfPotTemp
    real(DP) :: PotTemp
    real(DP) :: BLHeight
    real(DP) :: xy_BLHeight(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    integer:: i               ! 腟�綺��劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in longitude
    integer:: j               ! 膩�墾�劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in latitude

    ! 絎�茵��� ; Executable statement
    !

    ! Calculate bulk coefficients 
    ! Parameterization by Beljaars and Holtslag (1991)
    !

    ! initialization
    xy_MOLength = 1.0e10_DP
    xy_BetaW    = 0.0_DP

    xy_FlagConverge = .false.

    loop_iteration : do iLoop = 1, nLoop

      xy_MOLengthSave = xy_MOLength

      ! Calculation of Psi_{M,H}
      if ( FlagUseOfBulkCoefInNeutralCond ) then
        xy_PsiM0 = 0.0_DP
        xy_PsiH0 = 0.0_DP
        xy_PsiM1 = 0.0_DP
        xy_PsiH1 = 0.0_DP
      else
        xy_ZetaM = xy_SurfRoughLengthMom  / xy_MOLength
        xy_ZetaH = xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat / xy_MOLength
        call BH91CalcPsi( Gamma, xy_ZetaM, xy_ZetaH, xy_PsiM0, xy_PsiH0 )
        xy_ZetaM = ( xyz_Height(:,:,1) - xy_SurfHeight + xy_SurfRoughLengthMom  ) / xy_MOLength
        xy_ZetaH = ( xyz_Height(:,:,1) - xy_SurfHeight + xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat ) / xy_MOLength
        call BH91CalcPsi( Gamma, xy_ZetaM, xy_ZetaH, xy_PsiM1, xy_PsiH1 )
      end if

      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( .not. xy_FlagConverge(i,j) ) then
            ! u_* / U_1, Eq. (5)
            xy_FricVelByU1(i,j) = FKarm / ( log (   ( xyz_Height(i,j,1) - xy_SurfHeight(i,j) + xy_SurfRoughLengthMom(i,j)  ) / xy_SurfRoughLengthMom(i,j)  ) - xy_PsiM1(i,j) + xy_PsiM0(i,j) )

            xy_SurfVelBulkCoef(i,j) = xy_FricVelByU1(i,j)**2
            !
            xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(i,j) = xy_FricVelByU1(i,j) * FKarm / ( log (   ( xyz_Height(i,j,1) - xy_SurfHeight(i,j) + xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat(i,j) ) / xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat(i,j) ) - xy_PsiH1(i,j) + xy_PsiH0(i,j) )
            !
            xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef(i,j) = xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(i,j)
          end if
        end do
      end do


      ! Calculation of wind speed related to convection
      if ( FlagIncludeB94W ) then
        do j = 1, jmax
          do i = 0, imax-1
            if ( .not. xy_FlagConverge(i,j) ) then
              if ( xy_MOLength(i,j) < 0.0_DP ) then
                SurfPotTemp = xy_SurfVirTemp(i,j) / xy_SurfExner(i,j)
                PotTemp     = xy_VirTemp    (i,j) / xy_Exner    (i,j)
!!$              BLHeight =                                                      &
!!$                & - xy_MOLength(i,j) / ( FKarm**2 * Beta**3 )                 &
!!$                &     * (   log( - 38.5_DP * xy_MOLength(i,j)                 &
!!$                &                  / ( Gamma * xy_SurfRoughLengthMom(i,j) ) ) &
!!$                &         + xy_PsiM0(i,j) )**3
                ! BLHeight is assumed to be constant.
                BLHeight = 1000.0_DP
                xy_BetaW(i,j) = sqrt( Grav / PotTemp * ( SurfPotTemp - PotTemp ) * FKarm**2 * Beta * BLHeight / ( (   log( - 38.5_DP * xy_MOLength(i,j) / ( Gamma * xy_SurfRoughLengthMom (i,j) ) ) + xy_PsiM0(i,j)                                ) * (   log( -  4.0_DP * xy_MOLength(i,j) / ( Gamma * xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat(i,j) ) ) + xy_PsiH0(i,j)                                ) ) )
                xy_BLHeight(i,j) = BLHeight
              else
                xy_BetaW(i,j) = 0.0_DP
                xy_BLHeight(i,j) = 0.0_DP
              end if
            end if
          end do
        end do
      else
        do j = 1, jmax
          do i = 0, imax-1
            if ( .not. xy_FlagConverge(i,j) ) then
              xy_BetaW(i,j) = 0.0_DP
            end if
          end do
        end do
      end if


      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( .not. xy_FlagConverge(i,j) ) then

            ! Calculation of bulk Richardson number
            xy_SurfVelAbs(i,j) = sqrt ( xy_U(i,j)**2 + xy_V(i,j)**2 + xy_BetaW(i,j)**2 )
            xy_SurfBulkRiNum(i,j) = Grav / ( xy_SurfVirTemp(i,j) / xy_SurfExner(i,j) ) * (   xy_VirTemp(i,j)     / xy_Exner(i,j) - xy_SurfVirTemp(i,j) / xy_SurfExner(i,j) ) / max( xy_SurfVelAbs(i,j), VelMinForRi )**2 * ( xyz_Height(i,j,1) - xy_SurfHeight(i,j) )

            ! Calculation of Monin-Obukhov length
            SurfBulkRiNum = xy_SurfBulkRiNum(i,j)
            if ( SurfBulkRiNum == 0.0_DP ) SurfBulkRiNum = 1.0e-10_DP
            xy_MOLength(i,j) = ( xyz_Height(i,j,1) - xy_SurfHeight(i,j) ) / ( FKarm * SurfBulkRiNum ) * xy_SurfVelBulkCoef(i,j)**1.5_DP / xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(i,j)

          end if
        end do
      end do


      ! TO BE DELETED
!!$      ! Check of convergence
!!$      FlagConverge = .true.
!!$      loop_check : do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          MOLengthErr =                                      &
!!$            & abs( xy_MOLength(i,j) - xy_MOLengthSave(i,j) ) &
!!$            &    / max( abs( xy_MOLength(i,j) ), 1.0d-10 )
!!$          if ( MOLengthErr > MOLengthErrCriterion ) then
!!$            FlagConverge = .false.
!!$            exit loop_check
!!$          end if
!!$        end do
!!$      end do loop_check
!!$      a_FlagReCalcLocal = ( .not. FlagConverge )
!!$      call MPIWrapperChkTrue(   &
!!$        & 1, a_FlagReCalcLocal, & ! (in)
!!$        & a_FlagReCalcGlobal    & ! (out)
!!$        & )
!!$      if ( .not. a_FlagReCalcGlobal(1) ) exit loop_iteration

      ! Check of convergence
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( .not. xy_FlagConverge(i,j) ) then
            MOLengthErr = abs( xy_MOLength(i,j) - xy_MOLengthSave(i,j) ) / max( abs( xy_MOLength(i,j) ), 1.0e-10_DP )
            if ( MOLengthErr <= MOLengthErrCriterion ) then
              xy_FlagConverge(i,j) = .true.
            end if
          end if
        end do
      end do
      FlagConverge = .true.
      loop_check : do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( .not. xy_FlagConverge(i,j) ) then
            FlagConverge = .false.
            exit loop_check
          end if
        end do
      end do loop_check
      if ( FlagConverge ) exit loop_iteration


    end do loop_iteration
    if ( iLoop > nLoop ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'Monin-Obukhov length is not convergent.' )
    end if


    xy_SurfMOLength = xy_MOLength


    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'MOLength'   , xy_MOLength        )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'MOLengthInv', 1.0_DP/xy_MOLength )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'BetaW'      , xy_BetaW           )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'BLHeight'   , xy_BLHeight        )


  end subroutine BulkCoefBH91B94

BulkCoefL82( xy_SurfBulkRiNum, xy_SurfRoughLengthMom, xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat, xy_SurfHeight, xyz_Height, xy_SurfBulkCoefMomInNeutCond, xy_SurfBulkCoefHeatInNeutCond, xy_SurfVelBulkCoef, xy_SurfTempBulkCoef, xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef, xy_SurfMOLength )

Subroutine :

xy_SurfBulkRiNum(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�� $ R_i $ ��. Bulk $ R_i $ number

xy_SurfRoughLengthMom(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�域；膕�綺�� Surface rough length for momentum

xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	�域；膕�綺�� Surface rough length for heat

xy_SurfHeight(0:imax-1,1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	$ z_s $ . �域；�∫�綺�. Surface height.

xyz_Height(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :

real(DP), intent(in)

:	蕭�綺�. Height

xy_SurfBulkCoefMomInNeutCond(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) : real(DP), intent(in)

xy_SurfBulkCoefHeatInNeutCond(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) : real(DP), intent(in)

xy_SurfVelBulkCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	��逸��. Bulk coefficient: temperature

xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	��逸�羝�墾. Bulk coefficient: temperature

xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :

real(DP), intent(out)

:	��逸�罸�羚�. Bulk coefficient: specific humidity

xy_SurfMOLength(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) : real(DP), intent(out)

��違��膊��冴��障��.

Bulk coefficients are calculated.

[Source]

  subroutine BulkCoefL82( xy_SurfBulkRiNum, xy_SurfRoughLengthMom , xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat, xy_SurfHeight, xyz_Height, xy_SurfBulkCoefMomInNeutCond, xy_SurfBulkCoefHeatInNeutCond, xy_SurfVelBulkCoef, xy_SurfTempBulkCoef, xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef, xy_SurfMOLength )
    !
    ! ��������違��膊��冴���障��.
    !
    ! Bulk coefficients are calculated.
    !

    ! �≪�吾�ャ�若����� ; USE statements
    !
    ! ����絎��域┃絎�
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: FKarm                 ! $ k $ .
                              ! �������喝���. 
                              ! Karman constant

    ! 絎ｈ��� ; Declaration statements
    !

    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfBulkRiNum (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ������ $ R_i $ ��. 
                              ! Bulk $ R_i $ number
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfRoughLengthMom (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；膕�綺���
                              ! Surface rough length for momentum
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! �域；膕�綺���
                              ! Surface rough length for heat
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfHeight(0:imax-1,1:jmax)
                              ! $ z_s $ . �域；�∫�綺�. 
                              ! Surface height. 
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_Height (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 蕭�綺�. 
                              ! Height
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfBulkCoefMomInNeutCond (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              !
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfBulkCoefHeatInNeutCond(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              !
                              !
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfVelBulkCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ��������逸�������. 
                              ! Bulk coefficient: temperature
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfTempBulkCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ��������逸�羝�墾. 
                              ! Bulk coefficient: temperature
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! ��������逸�罸�羚�. 
                              ! Bulk coefficient: specific humidity
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfMOLength(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    ! 篏�罐㊤���
    ! Work variables
    !
    real(DP) :: SurfBulkRiNum
    real(DP) :: xy_MOLength(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    integer:: i               ! 腟�綺��劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in longitude
    integer:: j               ! 膩�墾�劫�������� DO ���若�����罐㊤���
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in latitude

    ! 絎�茵��� ; Executable statement
    !

    ! ��筝㊦��＞散�с����������違���膊�
    ! Calculate bulk coefficients in non-neutral condition
    !
    ! Parameterization by Louis et al. (1982)
    !
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1

        if ( xy_SurfBulkRiNum(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) then 

          xy_SurfVelBulkCoef(i,j) = xy_SurfBulkCoefMomInNeutCond(i,j) / (   1.0_DP + 10.0_DP * xy_SurfBulkRiNum(i,j) / sqrt( 1.0_DP + 5.0_DP * xy_SurfBulkRiNum(i,j) ) )

          xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(i,j) = xy_SurfBulkCoefHeatInNeutCond(i,j) / (   1.0_DP + 15.0_DP * xy_SurfBulkRiNum(i,j) * sqrt( 1.0_DP + 5.0_DP * xy_SurfBulkRiNum(i,j) ) )

          xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef(i,j) = xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(i,j)

        else

          xy_SurfVelBulkCoef(i,j) = xy_SurfBulkCoefMomInNeutCond(i,j) * (   1.0_DP - 10.0_DP * xy_SurfBulkRiNum(i,j) / (   1.0_DP + 75.0_DP * xy_SurfBulkCoefMomInNeutCond(i,j) * sqrt( - ( xyz_Height(i,j,1) - xy_SurfHeight(i,j) + xy_SurfRoughLengthMom(i,j) ) / xy_SurfRoughLengthMom(i,j) * xy_SurfBulkRiNum(i,j) ) ) )

          xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(i,j) = xy_SurfBulkCoefHeatInNeutCond(i,j) * (   1.0_DP - 15.0_DP * xy_SurfBulkRiNum(i,j) / (   1.0_DP + 75.0_DP * xy_SurfBulkCoefHeatInNeutCond(i,j) * sqrt( - ( xyz_Height(i,j,1) - xy_SurfHeight(i,j) + xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat(i,j) ) / xy_SurfRoughLengthHeat(i,j) * xy_SurfBulkRiNum(i,j) ) ) )

          xy_SurfQVapBulkCoef(i,j) = xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(i,j)

        end if

        ! Calculation of Monin-Obukhov length
        SurfBulkRiNum = xy_SurfBulkRiNum(i,j)
        if ( SurfBulkRiNum == 0.0_DP ) SurfBulkRiNum = 1.0e-10_DP
        xy_MOLength(i,j) = ( xyz_Height(i,j,1) - xy_SurfHeight(i,j) ) / ( FKarm * SurfBulkRiNum ) * xy_SurfVelBulkCoef(i,j)**1.5_DP / xy_SurfTempBulkCoef(i,j)

      end do
    end do

    xy_SurfMOLength = xy_MOLength


  end subroutine BulkCoefL82

ConstBulkCoef

Variable :

ConstBulkCoef :

real(DP), save

:	��遺�絎��. Steady value of bulk coefficient

FlagConstBulkCoef

Variable :

FlagConstBulkCoef :

logical, save

:	Flag for using constant bulk coefficient

FlagFixFricTimeConstAtLB

*Variable* :
`FlagFixFricTimeConstAtLB` :	`logical , save`

FlagFixHeatFluxAtLB

*Variable* :
`FlagFixHeatFluxAtLB` :	`logical , save`

FlagFixMassFluxAtLB

*Variable* :
`FlagFixMassFluxAtLB` :	`logical , save`

FlagIncludeB94W

*Variable* :
`FlagIncludeB94W` :	`logical`

FlagUseOfBulkCoefInNeutralCond

Variable :

FlagUseOfBulkCoefInNeutralCond :

logical, save

:	Flag for using bulk coefficient in neutral condition

FricTimeConstAtLB

Variable :

FricTimeConstAtLB :

real(DP), save

:	筝��絎�� (s). Time constant of surface friction (s).

HeatFluxAtLB

Variable :

HeatFluxAtLB :

real(DP), save

:	筝��с��宴�� (W m-2). Heat flux at the lower boundary (W m-2).

IDBulkCoefMethodBH91B94

*Constant* :
`IDBulkCoefMethodBH91B94` `= 2` :	`integer, parameter`

IDBulkCoefMethodL82

*Constant* :
`IDBulkCoefMethodL82` `= 1` :	`integer, parameter`

LowLatFricAtLB

Variable :

LowLatFricAtLB :

real(DP), save

:	筝��篏�君綺� (degree). Lowest latitude where the friction is applied (degree)

MassFluxAtLB

Variable :

MassFluxAtLB :

real(DP), save

:	筝��с��蟹�� (W m-2). 絎��若�㏍��阪��戎��腮�綺��篏帥��. Mass flux at the lower boundary (kg m-2 s-1).

QVapBulkCoefMax

Variable :

QVapBulkCoefMax :

real(DP), save

:	$ q $ ��井��紊у��. Maximum value of $ q $ bulk coefficient

QVapBulkCoefMin

Variable :

QVapBulkCoefMin :

real(DP), save

:	$ q $ ��井��絨��. Minimum value of $ q $ bulk coefficient

TempBulkCoefMax

Variable :

TempBulkCoefMax :

real(DP), save

:	$ T $ ��井��紊у��. Maximum value of $ T $ bulk coefficient

TempBulkCoefMin

Variable :

TempBulkCoefMin :

real(DP), save

:	$ T $ ��井��絨��. Minimum value of $ T $ bulk coefficient

VelBulkCoefMax

Variable :

VelBulkCoefMax :

real(DP), save

:	$ u $ ��井��紊у��. Maximum value of $ u $ bulk coefficient

VelBulkCoefMin

Variable :

VelBulkCoefMin :

real(DP), save

:	$ u $ ��井��絨��. Minimum value of $ u $ bulk coefficient

VelMaxForQVap

Variable :

VelMaxForQVap :

real(DP), save

:	羂頑�御��※��紊у��. Maximum value of velocity for vapor

VelMaxForTemp

Variable :

VelMaxForTemp :

real(DP), save

:	�援��※��紊у��. Maximum value of velocity for thermal

VelMaxForVel

Variable :

VelMaxForVel :

real(DP), save

:	��※��紊у��. Maximum value of velocity for momentum

VelMinForQVap

Variable :

VelMinForQVap :

real(DP), save

:	羂頑�御��※��絨��. Minimum value of velocity for vapor

VelMinForRi

Variable :

VelMinForRi :

real(DP), save

:	$ R_i $ �亥��※��絨��. Minimum value of velocity for $ R_i $ number

VelMinForTemp

Variable :

VelMinForTemp :

real(DP), save

:	�援��※��絨��. Minimum value of velocity for thermal

VelMinForVel

Variable :

VelMinForVel :

real(DP), save

:	��※��絨��. Minimum value of velocity for momentum

module_name

Constant :

module_name = ‘surface_flux_bulk‘ :

character(*), parameter

:	�≪�吾�ャ�若��腱�. Module name

surface_flux_bulk_inited

Variable :

surface_flux_bulk_inited = .false. :

logical, save

:	��荐㊤��. Initialization flag

version

Constant :

version = ’$Name: $’ // ’$Id: surface_flux_bulk.f90,v 1.27 2015/02/06 11:25:14 yot Exp $’ :

character(*), parameter

:	�≪�吾�ャ�若��若�吾�с�� Module version

�域；�≪����������

Surface flux

References

Procedures List

NAMELIST

Methods

Included Modules

Public Instance methods

Private Instance methods

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